Posts Tagged ‘HAART’

LTR real-time PCR for HIV-1 DNA quantitation in blood cells for early diagnosis in infants born to seropositive mothers treated in HAART area

Posted in HIV DNA by PCR on August 17th, 2009 by hiv_test – Be the first to comment

HIV-1 diagnosis in babies born to seropositive mothers is one of the challenges of HIV epidemics in children. A simple, rapid protocol was developed for quantifying HIV-1 DNA in whole blood samples and was used in the ANRS French pediatric cohort in conditions of prevention of mother-to-child transmission. A quantitative HIV-1 DNA protocol (LTR real-time PCR) requiring small blood volumes was developed. First, analytical reproducibility was evaluated on 172 samples. Results obtained on blood cell pellets and Ficoll-Hypaque separated mononuclear cells were compared in 48 adult HIV-1 samples. Second, the protocol was applied to HIV-1 diagnosis in infants in parallel with plasma HIV-RNA quantitation. This prospective study was performed in children born between May 2005 and April 2007 included in the ANRS cohort. The assay showed good reproducibility. The 95% detection cut-off value was 6 copies/PCR, that is, 40 copies/10(6) leukocytes. HIV-DNA levels in whole blood were highly correlated with those obtained after Ficoll-Hypaque separation (r = 0.900, P < 0.0001). A total of 3,002 specimens from 1,135 infants were tested. The specificity of HIV-DNA and HIV-RNA assays was 100%. HIV-1 infection was diagnosed in nine infants before age 60 days. HIV-DNA levels were low, underlining the need for sensitive assays when highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been given. The performances of this HIV-DNA assay showed that it is adapted to early diagnosis in children. The results were equivalent to those of HIV-RNA assay. HIV-DNA may be used even in masked primary infection in newborns whose mothers have received HAART. J. Med. Virol. 81:217-223, 2009. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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CDC Expands HIV Postexposure Prophylaxis Recommendations

Posted in HIV treatment on August 13th, 2009 by hiv_test – Be the first to comment

A recent article in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report includes some recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for use of post-exposure prophylaxis in people exposed to HIV in a nonoccupational setting.

Similar to the guidelines following occupational exposures, the CDC recommends prophylaxis beginning within 72 hours after the initial exposure with any body fluids from an HIV infected person. If 72 hours has passed after the exposure, the CDC recommends not starting prophylaxis. If the HIV status of the contact person is unknown, but the exposure has an elevated risk the CDC suggests the decision of whether to begin prophylaxis be made on a patient-to-patient basis.

Unfortunately many people are unaware that they are infected with HIV, and because of the 72 hour window period for prophylaxis these people are out of luck when they discover they were exposed. People who benefit the most from prophylaxis are those who know they have been exposed, including sexual assault victims and intravenous drug users.

Some clinicians have fears that people will use post exposure prophylaxis as a “safety net” for unprotected sex, but that is not at all it’s intended purpose.

*For the complete article please refer to http://hivtestingblog.com/original-articles/

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How Is HIV Different in African Americans?

Posted in HIV in African Americans on August 7th, 2009 by hiv_test – Be the first to comment
It is a common fact that HIV does not discriminate against who it infects; however, having HIV doesn’t always mean the same thing…especially if you’re African American. Research has shown that African Americans have higher rates of HIV infections, they get sicker faster, and get treatment later than other ethnicities. There are many myths that exist in the community to explain why more African Americans die from HIV that other races. There is a cure for HIV, but they won’t give it to black people, or there is a vaccine, but the government doesn’t want black people to know about it. The truth is that there are factors, other than HIV itself, that cause the virus to acct more aggressively in African Americans. On average, African Americans tend to wait longer to get tested which causes their response to HAART (highly active antiretroviral treatment) to be less effective, the side effects to treatment medications are often worse than in other patients, and other lifetstyle and environmental factors that are prevalent in African Americans have been shown effect HIV and HIV treatment.
A group of HIV specialists and researchers were brought together to explain these findings, and the answers are both shocking ans surprising. African Americans are predisposed to some factors that affect HIV infection, and there are also several lifestyle and living factors that contribute to the effects as well.
Although we still have a lot to learn about HIV and why it affects certain groups of people differently than others, we are making lots of progress in research. While there are many myths and explanations for why HIV is worse in African Americans, most of them are false. The real reasons for this phenomenon lie within several factors that surround the HIV-positive person, including diet, living conditions, adherence, and more. Perhaps with these findings we will be able to develop a more effective and suitable HIV treatment plan for everyone.
*For the complete article, please visit http://hivtestingblog.com/original-articles/
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